Laser Applications For Engineering Physics First Year: Many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958. The coherency, high monochromaticity,…
Month: August 2014
Introduction to He-Ne Lasers
He-Ne stands for HeliumNeon. The HeNe laser active medium consists of two gases which do not interact form a molecule. Therefore HeNe laser is one type of atomic gas lasers.…
Construction and Working of Ruby Laser
Ruby Laser Ruby belongs to the family of gems consisting of Al O with various types of impurities. For example pink Ruby contains 0.05% Cr atoms. Construction of Ruby Laser:…
Concept of 3 And 4 Level Laser Notes for Engineering Physics 1st Year
Optical amplification in the gain medium of a laser or laser amplifier arises from stimulated emission, where the input light induces transitions of laser-active ions from some excited state to…
Population Inversion for BTech 1 Year Physics Students
Introduction of Population Inversion for BTech 1 Year Physics Students: We use Population Inversion to Achieve Amplification Metastable states, where the lifetime of the atoms are of the order of…
Stimulated Emission of Radiation
The incident photon interacts with the atom and may cause the atom to come to lower state along with an emission of a photon. This process is called stimulated emission.…
Spontaneous Emission of Radiation
When an atom jumps from a higher energy stated to a lower energy state it emits light in the form of photons. In any source of light, the light that…
Fundamentals of Modern Optics for Engineering Physics 1st Year
What is Optics? Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or…
Retardation Plate Theory for Engineering Physics B.Tech 1st Year
Overview: What is Retardation Plate? A retardation plate is an optically transparent material which resolves a beam of polarized light into two orthogonal components; retards the phase of one component…
Circular and Elliptical Polarized Light
Understanding Polarization Light is an electromagnetic wave, and the electric field of this wave oscillates perpendicularly to the direction of propagation. If the direction of the electric field of light…