All natural sources of water contain impurities as well as dissolved gasses. The amount of these impurities depends on type of water source and location. Why it is necessary to…
Category: First Year (1+2 Semester)
Definition of Ion-Exchange Resin And Their Applications Notes pdf ppt
Ion-Exchange Resin: An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange. It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally…
Hardness of Water and Methods of Water Softening Notes pdf ppt
SOFT WATER: Natural or treated water that does not contain a significant amount of dissolved minerals such as compounds of calcium or magnesium. It produces copious lather with a little…
Water Hardness and Disadvantages Of Hard Water Notes pdf ppt
Disadvantages Of Hard Water: Hard Water is a term which is used to describe water that has high mineral content in form of calcium and magnesium. The more the mineral…
Definition and Types of Water Hardness Notes pdf ppt
The hardness of water: Many industrial and domestic water users are concerned about the hardness of their water. Hard water requires more soap and synthetic detergents for home laundry and…
What is Hardness of Water and Problems with Hard Water Notes pdf ppt
What is Water Hardness: The simple definition of water hardness is the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Hard water is high in dissolved minerals, both calcium…
Introduction to Substitution Reactions in Organic Chemistry Notes pdf ppt
Substitution Reaction: Substitution reaction (also known as single displacement reaction or single replacement reaction) is a chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by…
Introduction to Elimination Reactions in Organic Chemistry Notes pdf ppt
Elimination Reactions: Elimination reactions are important as a method for the preparation of alkenes. The term “elimination” describes the fact that a small molecule is lost during the process. A…
Fundamentals and Common Classification of Organic Reactions Notes pdf ppt
Organic Reactions: Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and…
What is Optical Isomerism Notes pdf ppt
OPTICAL ISOMERISM: Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism. This page explains what stereoisomers are and how you recognise the possibility of optical isomers in a molecule. What are isomers?…