Determinate and Indeterminate Structures:
Structure is an assemblage of a number of components like slabs, beams, columns, walls, foundations and so on, which remains in equilibrium. It has to satisfy the fundamental criteria of strength, stiffness, economy, durability and compatibility, for its existence. It is generally classified into two categories as Determinate and Indeterminate structures or Redundant Structures.
Any structure is designed for the stress resultants of bending moment, shear force, deflection, torsional stresses, and axial stresses. If these moments, shears and stresses are evaluated at various critical sections, then based on these, the proportioning can be done. Evaluation of these stresses, moments and forces and plotting them for that structural component is known as analysis. Determination of dimensions for these components of these stresses and proportioning is known as design.
Determinate structures are analysed just by the use of basic equilibrium equations. By this analysis, the unknown reactions are found for the further determination of stresses.
Redundant or indeterminate structures are not capable of being analysed by mere use of basic equilibrium equations. Along with the basic equilibrium equations, some extra conditions are required to be used like compatibility conditions of deformations etc to get the unknown reactions for drawing bending moment and shear force diagrams.
Indeterminate Structures:
A structure is termed as statically indeterminate, if it can not be analysed from principles of statics alone, i.e. 
. A statically indeterminate structure may be classified as:
- Externally indeterminate, (example: continuous beams and frames shown in figure-1(a) and (b)).
- Internally indeterminate, (example: trusses shown in figure-1(c) and (d)).
- Both externally and internally indeterminate, (example: trussed beams, continuous trusses shown in figure-1 (e) and (f)).
Externally Indeterminate Structures:
A structure is usually externally indeterminate or redundant if the reactions at the supports can not be determined by using three equations of equilibrium, i.e. ![clip_image001[1]](https://theconstructor.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/clip_image001111.gif "clip_image001[1]"){kind=small}
. In the case of beams subjected to vertical loads only, two reactions can be determined by conditions of equilibrium. Therefore, simply supported cantilever and overhanging beams shown in figure 2 are statically determinate structures.
If however a beam rests on more than two supports or in addition any of the end support is fixed, there are more than two reactions to be determined. These reactions can not be determined by conditions of equilibrium alone. The degree of indeterminacy or redundancy is given by the number of extra or redundant reactions to be determined. The beam shown in figure 3 (a) is statically indeterminate to one degree because there are three unknown reactions and statics has only two reactions. The beam in figure 3(b) is statically redundant to two degree. The beam in figure 3(c) is redundant to three degree and the beam in figure 3(d) is redundant to four degrees.
Difference Between Determinate and Indeterminate Structures:
