Forging Processes, Classification and Applications Notes PDF

What is Forging?

Forging is a manufacturing process where metal is pressed, pounded, or squeezed under great pressure into high-strength parts known as forgings.

The forging process

• Heated metal to be shaped is placed on a mold. The pressure is applied to the metal with the help of a press or hammer and due to this impact the malleable metal conforms to the die cavity
• Extreme pressure is produced when the die halves are closed. The seam of the die, as well as punch, acts as a relief valve. Once the metal object is shaped, flashing is removed.
• Use of a proper lubricant during the process helps to prevent sticking of the workpiece with the die.
• The process is used on metals with good ductilities such as copper, aluminum, nickel, steel, and magnesium. Minimizing the size, material volume, and complexity of the design can reduce

Advantages of Forging

• The forgings are consistent in shape and do not have any voids, porosity, inclusions, or
• This is especially helpful in later finishing and coating operations as surface preparation is
• Parts that are produced by this method have a high strength to weight ratio and therefore used in the design of the aircraft
• It offers low cost for moderate to long

Classification of forging processes

By equipment

1. Hammer or drop forging
2. Press forging

By process

1. Open-die forging
2. Closed-die forging

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